“Streifzüge in Amazonien” é um
artigo pouco conhecido de Nimuendajú, talvez porque o próprio periódico onde
foi publicado não existe mais. O Ethnologischer
Anzeiger (‘diário etnológico’), hoje em dia quase esquecido, existiu de 1928 a 1944 e teve como editores Martin Heydrich (1889-1969) e
Georg Buschan (1863-1942).
Em comparação com outros
periódicos etnológicos de língua alemã, como o Anthropos ou a Zeitschrift
für Ethnologie, o Ethnologischer
Anzeiger nunca ganhou muita influência no cenário institucional da
antropologia alemã. No entanto, Robert Lowie chamou a atenção para o periódico
em duas pequenas resenhas no American
Anthropologist, 29(3), 1927, p. 339-340 [PDF] e 32(4), 1930, p. 661 [PDF].
Provavelmente o artigo foi
redigido por sugestão de Fritz Krause (1881-1963), diretor do Museu Grassi em Leipzig,
com o qual Nimuendajú manteve correspondência desde abril de 1927, como indica
uma carta datada de 27 de junho de 1929 (SES, Leipzig, 1929 / 71, Krause 700 [27.06.1929]) e enviada depois de Nimuendajú ter
finalizado uma expedição financiada pelos museus etnológicos de Leipzig,
Dresden e Hamburg:
Para o Ethnologischer Anzeiger, o qual é editorado
pelo Sr. Dr. Heydrich, diretor do Departamento Americanista do Museu de Dresden
e no qual também se publicam, além de revisões bibliográficas e resenhas,
sobretudo comunicações sobre expedições científicas e assuntos semelhantes,
recomendar-se-ia fornecer uma sinopse sobre o decurso de sua viagem e suas
pesquisas em cada uma das tribos indígenas (talvez no tamanho de uma a duas
páginas de texto). (tradução: P.S.)
Contudo, Nimuendajú não escreveu
nada sobre sua expedição aos Apinayé e Canela, de setembro de 1928 a maio de 1929.
Em vez disso, elaborou um relato resumido sobre as expedições realizadas de
1922 a 1927 para o Museu Etnográfico de Gotemburgo (Göteborgs Etnografiska Museum), como também sobre algumas atividades
para o SPI. Foi, afinal, depois de não mais receber apoio financeiro do museu
sueco que se iniciaram os contatos com Krause por intermediação do etnólogo
suíço Felix Speiser (1880-1949).
No artigo, Nimuendajú resume, em
ordem cronológica, todas as expedições arqueológicas e etnológicas empreendidas
naquele período: nas regiões dos rios Tapajós e Madeira, Nhamundá e Trombetas,
na Ilha de Marajó e no Alto Rio Negro. Em termos gerais, as informações são as
mesmas que podem ser encontradas nas cartas para Carlos Estevão de Oliveira,
traduzidas, editadas e publicadas por Thekla Hartmann em 2000 (Cartas do Sertão de Curt Nimuendajú para
Carlos Estevão de Oliveira. Lisboa: Museu Nacional de Etnologia/ Assírio
& Alvim, p. 35-113), porém as descrições são mais genéricas. Parece ser um
tipo de auto-avaliação de seis anos onde são resumidos os ‘sucessos’ e
‘fracassos’.
A linguagem é sóbria, como a de
um “artífice honesto e diligente” (para usar uma expressão de Herbert Baldus
para se referir ao etnólogo alemão Max Schmidt), ou seja, sem arabescos
estilísticos tão rebuscados em textos acadêmicos atuais. Afinal, Nimuendajú não
era acadêmico e não queria impressionar ninguém, já que galicismos e alusões a
filósofos franceses ainda não faziam parte do ‘capital simbólico’
antropológico.
O artigo foi
traduzido por Thekla Hartmann e publicado com o título “Excursões pela Amazônia”
na Revista de Antropologia, São
Paulo, vol. 44(2), 2001, p. 189-200. No entanto, o mapa e as cinco fotos no anexo
não foram reproduzidos na versão brasileira.
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